Pathophysiological and pharmacological modulation of melatonergic system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20150363Keywords:
Melatonin, Pineal gland, Pleiotropy, Melatonergic drugsAbstract
Pineal gland once considered as rudimentary or vestigial, has become a principal endocrine gland that regulates the body’s internal environment, after the discovery of melatonin - a hormone produced by it. Melatonin is also synthesized from extra-pineal sites such as retina, skin, platelets, bone marrow, and gastrointestinal tract. The chronobiological property of this hormone in maintaining the circadian rhythm by synchronizing with the dark-light cycle is well-established. Melatonin also possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant, anti-oxidant, oncostatic, immunomodulatory, antiepileptic, and glucose-regulating properties. These pleiotropic effects of melatonin on diverse organ systems either through a receptor or non-receptor mediated pathways are under investigation. This review highlights the pathophysiological and pharmacological actions of melatonin along with melatonergic agonists in “real life” clinical practice.
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