Potential restorative effect of silymarin on liver histoarchitecture on paracetamol-induced in hepatotoxicity, in adult albino rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20252560Keywords:
Hepato-restorative, Liver histo-architecture, Paracetamol hepato-toxicity, Silymarin milk thistleAbstract
Background: Paracetamol is one of the most common pain relievers you’ll find in any medicine cabinet. Worldwide its often used for fevers or everyday aches without a second thought. But while it’s generally safe, taking too much can seriously harm the liver, something many might not realize. Otherwise, natural remedies offer potential remedies like silymarin, an extract from milk thistle. This herbal compound isn’t just a supplement; studies suggest it fights oxidative stress and even helps repair damaged cells. Objective of this study was to determine the histo-restorative effects of different doses of silymarin milk thistle on liver histo-architecture on paracetamol-induced hepato-toxicity among adult albino rats.
Methods: A total of 24 rats, splitting them into four groups. One group got a high, toxic dose of paracetamol alone; another stayed untreated as a control. The remaining rats were all given paracetamol first to induce liver injury, then divided into three subgroups receiving low, medium, or high doses of silymarin. After the treatment period, their liver tissues were extracted and studied under a microscope, using standard staining techniques to assess any recovery.
Results: High dose of paracetamol induced liver toxicity. Upon administration of high dose of silymarin milk thistle, there was histo-restoration of liver architecture with evenly distribution of hepatocytes and reduction and vacuolation of the central vein in relation to the control group.
Conclusions: These findings showed that high dose (600 mg/kbwt) of silymarin milk thistle was found to have restorative effects and restored the liver histo-architecture to near normal.
Metrics
References
Ma BH, Wong MC. The use of paracetamol in clinical consultations: are current prescribing practices safe? Hong Kong Med J. 2024;30(5):348-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12809/hkmj245164
Björnsson ES, Björnsson HK. Mortality associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2:114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh.2017.11.16
Cao Z, Han K, Lu H, Illangamudalige S, Shaheed CA, Chen L, et al. Paracetamol combination therapy for back pain and osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Drugs. 2024;84(8):953-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-024-02065-w
Kadiri SK, Uchil D, Guruprakash DM, Sathavalli D, Singh D. Is it safe to take 650 mg of paracetamol on a regular basis? Coronaviruses. 2024;5(3):85-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975267870231115052446
Prescott LF. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning: the early years. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2024;90(1):127-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15903
Fukuda M, Hirayu N, Nabeta M, Takasu O. Acute liver failure after administration of acetaminophen at the recommended daily dose in an adult: a case report. Cureus. 2023;15(9). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.45735
Tsang WH, Chan CK, Tse ML. Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity after normal therapeutic doses in the Hong Kong Chinese population. Hong Kong Med J. 2024;30(5):355-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12809/hkmj2311194
Chidiac AS, Buckley NA, Noghrehchi F, Cairns R. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose and hepatotoxicity: mechanism, treatment, prevention measures, and estimates of burden of disease. Exp Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2023;19(5):297-317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17425255.2023.2223959
Abou Seif HS. Physiological changes due to hepatotoxicity and the protective role of some medicinal plants. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2016;5(2):134-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjbas.2016.03.004
Sun YK, Zhang YF, Xie L, Rong F, Zhu XY, Xie J, et al. Progress in the treatment of drug-induced liver injury with natural products. Pharm Res. 2022;183:106361. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106361
Tileshova M, Yessimsiitova Z, Alseitova F, Chunetova Z, Pravin N, Tileubayeva Z, et al. Phytochemical study of milk thistle, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Caspian J Environ Sci. 2024;22(5):1293-9.
Aghemo A, Alekseeva OP, Angelico F, Bakulin IG, Bakulina NV, Bordin D, et al. Role of silymarin as antioxidant in clinical management of chronic liver diseases: a narrative review. Ann Med. 2022;54(1):1548-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2022.2069854
Gillessen A, Schmidt HHJ. Silymarin as supportive treatment in liver diseases: a narrative review. Adv Ther. 2020;37(4):1279-301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-020-01251-y
Maaloul S, Ghzaiel I, Mahmoudi M, Mighri H, Pires V, Vejux A, et al. Characterization of Silybum marianum and Silybum eburneum seed oils: phytochemical profiles and antioxidant properties supporting important nutritional interests. PLoS One. 2024;19(6):e0304021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304021
Arifin MZ. Sample size calculation in animal studies using resource equation approach. Malay J Med Sci. 2017;24(5):101-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2017.24.5.11
Offor SJ, Amadi CN, Chijioke-Nwauche I, Manautou JE, Orisakwe OE. Potential deleterious effects of paracetamol dose regime used in Nigeria versus that of the United States of America. Toxicol Rep. 2022;9:1035-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.025
Jaeschke H, Adelusi OB, Akakpo JY, Nguyen NT, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Umbaugh DS, et al. Recommendations for the use of the acetaminophen hepatotoxicity model for mechanistic studies and how to avoid common pitfalls. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021;11(12):3740-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.023
Sayed MM, El-Kordy EA. The protective effect of curcumin on paracetamol-induced liver damage in adult male rabbits. Egypt J Histol. 2014;37(4):629-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.EHX.0000455822.82783.4b
Muhammad-Azam F, Nur-Fazila SH, Ain-Fatin R, Noordin MM, Yimer N. Histopathological changes of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and subsequent liver regeneration in BALB/C and ICR mice. Vet World. 2019;12(11):1682-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1682-1688
Nuhoğlu H. Chemically and pharmacologically induced liver toxicity models in experimental animals and observed changes: chemically and pharmacologically induced liver toxicity models. Rats. 2024;2(2):51-62.
Eisa S, Youssef S, Abd Elshafy S. Effect of paracetamol on the liver of adult male albino rats and the possible protective effect of folic acid. Al-Azhar Int Med J. 2024;5(11):9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58675/2682-339X.2740
Krylov DP, Rodimova SA, Karabut MM, Kuznetsova DS. Experimental models for studying structural and functional state of the pathological liver. Sovrem Tekhnol Med. 2023;15(4):65-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2023.15.4.06
Afzal U, Muslim M, Raza SMK, Afzal A, Jawad M, Akram M, et al. Milk thistle and its therapeutic potential in liver disorders: a comprehensive review. Int J Agric Biol. 2024;32:539-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.2234
El-Far Mohamed, Negm A, El-Azim A, Wahdan MONA. Antioxidant therapeutic actions of medicinal phytochemicals, silymarin, and silibinin, on streptozotocin diabetic rats: first novel comparative assessment of structural recoveries of histological and ultrastructural changes on islets of Langerhans, beta cells, mitochondria and nucleus. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016;8(4):69-76.
Papackova Z, Heczkova M, Dankova H, Sticova E, Lodererova A, Baronova L, et al. Silymarin prevents acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):0191353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191353
Saheed S, Taofik OS, Emmanuel AO, Taofeek AO. Combined administration of silymarin and vitamin C stalls acetaminophen-mediated hepatic oxidative insults in Wistar rats. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2015;25:29-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2014.11.012
Abed NA, Khalaf MM, Alnori MKJ. The potential effect of silymarin against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Pharmacog J. 2022;14(5):1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2022.14.136
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
