Email this article Evaluation of hypolipidemic effect of Tinospora cordifolia in cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats
Abstract
Background: There is always a need for developing novel drugs with higher efficacy and fewer side effects. Though statins are generally well-tolerated drugs for hyperlipidemia with high efficacy they are not free from adverse effects. Herbal drugs are well known for their cost-effectiveness and minimal side effects. Tinospora cordifolia (T. cordifolia) is one such plant with known hypolipidemic activity and wide availability in India. Hence this study is an attempt to verify and evaluate the extent of efficacy of T. cordifolia as a hypolipidemic agent. The objective of the study is to compare the hypolipidemic activity of aqueous root extract of T. cordifolia with that of Rosuvastatin in cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats.
Methods: Hyperlipidemia was induced in male albino rats of wistar strain in the first 30 days of feeding period and continued in the next 30 days of treatment period. Aqueous root extract of T. cordifolia (2.5 and 5g/kg, per oral) was administered as test drug in the treatment period. Rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg, per oral) was used as the standard drug. Serum lipid profile, atherogenic index and body weights were estimated for all rats on the day before the start of the feeding period and on day 0, 15 and 30 of the treatment period. The results were analyzed statistically using student’s unpaired and paired t-test wherever applicable.
Results: Serum lipid levels showed significant reduction (p <0.001) in TC,TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C with significant elevation (p <0.001) of HDL-C in both the rosuvastatin and test groups, but the percentage reduction in lipid levels, percentage elevation of HDL-C and percentage protection from atherosclerosis was higher in rosuvastatin group than in test groups.
Conclusions: T.cordifolia has a definite hypolipidemic potential. Although its effectiveness is lesser than rosuvastatin its beneficial role as hypolipidemic agent may be tested in clinical studies.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Mahley RW, Bersot TP. Drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia. In: Brunton LB, Lazo JS, Parker KL, eds. Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 12th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011:878-908.
Wiklund O, Pirazzi C, Romeo S. Monitoring of lipids, enzymes, and creatine kinase in patients on lipid-lowering drug therapy. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2013;15(9):397.
Reddy KS. India wakes up to the threat of cardiovascular diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:1370-2.
Fitchett DH, Hegele RA, Verma S. Statin intolerance. Circulation 2015;131:389-91.
Guo M, Liu Y, Gao Z, Shi D. Chinese herbal medicine on dyslipidemia: progress and perspective. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;163036:1-11.
Kumar A, Sunil C, Dhaliya SA, Surya AS, Dawn VT, Carla B. A review of hyperlipidemia and medicinal plants. Int J Bio Med S. 2013;2(4):219-37.
Sinha K, Mishra NP, Singh J, Khanuja SPS. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi), a reservoir plant for therapeutic applications: A Review. Indian J Tradit Know. 2004;3(3):257-70.
Agarwal A, Malini S, Bairy KL, Rao MS. Effect of Tinospora cordifolia on learning and memory in normal and memory deficit rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2002;34:339-49.
Ghule BV, Ghante MH, Saoji AN, Yeole PG. Antihyperlipidemic effect of the methanolic extract from Lagenaria Siceraria stand. Fruit in hyperlipidemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;124:333-37.
Kumar V, Singh S, Kumar A, Khan M. Hypolipidemic activity of Anthocephalus indicus (kadam) in hyperlipidemic rats. Med Chem Res. 2008;17:152-8.
Luigi S, Elisabetta G, Paolo G, Uliano G, Elena N, Benedetta C, et al. Rosuvastatin, but not simvastatin, provides end-organ protection in stroke-prone rats by antiinflammatory effects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:598-603.
Werner M, Gabrielson DG, Eastman G. Ultra micro determinations of serum triglycerides by bioluminescent assay. Clin Chem. 1981;21:268-71.
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499-562.
Maruthappan V, Shakthi SK. Hypolipidemic activity of haritaki (Terminalia chebula) in atherogenic diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. J Adv Pharma Tech Res. 2010;1(2):229-35.
Srivastava RA, Srivastava N, Averna M. Dietary cholic acid lowers plasma levels of mouse and human apolipoprotein A-I primarily via a transcriptional mechanism. Eur J Biochem. 2000;267(13):4272-80.
Jeong WI, Jeong DH, Do SH, Kim YK, Park HY, Kwon OD, et al. Mild hepatic fibrosis in cholesterol and sodium cholate diet-fed rats. J Vet Med Sci. 2005;67(3):235-42.
Venkatakrishnan K, Thangarajan S. Antihypercholesterolemic effect of Bacopa monniera linn. on high cholesterol diet induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Asian Pac J Trop.2012;5(12):949-55.
Dhulasavant V, Shinde S, Pawar M, Naikwade NS. Antihyperlipidemic activity of Cinnamomum tamala nees on high cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia. Int J Pharm Tech Res. 2010;2(4):2517-21.
Rao SK, Prasad T, Mohanta GP, Manna PK. An overview of statins as hypolipidemic drugs. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res. 2011;3:178-83.
Puri Dinesh. Lipid metabolism II: lipoproteins, cholesterol and prostaglandins. In: Bhatnagar G, eds. Text book of medical biochemistry. 3rd edition. Haryana:Elsevier;2011:235-57.
Kavitha BT, Shruthi SD, Rai RS, Ramachandra YL. Phytochemical analysis and hepatoprotective properties of Tinospora cordifolia against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2011;2(3):139-42.
Cheurfa M, Allem R. Study of hypocholesterolemic activity of Algerian Pistacia lentiscus leaves extracts in vivo. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2015;25(2):142-4.
Kothari S, Jain AK, Mehta SC, Tonpay SD. Hypolipidemic effect of fresh Triticumaestivum (wheat) grass juice in hypercholesterolemic rats. Acta Pol Pharm. 2011;68(2):291-4.
Mainzon PP, Menon VP, Gunasekaran G. Hypolipidaemic action of Tinospora cordifolia roots in alloxan diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999;64:53-7.
Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T. Cholesterol in the prediction of atherosclerotic disease new perspectives based on the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90(1):85-91.
Gupta R, Gupta HP, Kumar N, Joshi AK, Gupta VP. Lipoprotein lipids and prevalence of hyperlipidemia in rural India. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1994;1:179-83.
Temme EH, Van HPG, Schouten EG, Kesteloot H. Effects of a plant sterol-enriched spread on serum lipids and lipoproteins in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Acta Cardiol. 2002;57:111-5.
