Anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the ethanol root bark extract of Salacia lehmbachii in rats and mice

Authors

  • Godwin C. Akuodor Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria
  • Sylvester C. Ohadoma Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria
  • Casimir C. Ofor Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  • Anthony U. Megwas Department of Optometry, School of Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
  • Leo C. Chukwu College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Amaku, Awka, Nigeria
  • Mansur A. Ramalan Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano
  • Dorcas O. Okoroafor Department of Biomedical Technology, School of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  • Kingsley C. Chilaka Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212066

Keywords:

Salacia lehmbachii, Analgesic, Anti-inflamatory, Antipyretic, Rats, Mice

Abstract

Background: The decoction of the roots of Salacia lehmbachi is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of different diseases such as malaria pains diabetes and microbial infections.

Methods: Phytochemical screening and oral acute toxicity tests were carried out on the ethanol root extract of the plant. Anti-nocicetive activity using acetic acid induced writhing and tail immersion method in mice, anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats and xylene induced ear oedema test in mice and antipyretic activity using Brewer’s yeast and D-amphetamine induced pyrexia in rats were determined at 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses of the root extract.

Results: The ethanol root extract contain alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides. The oral acute toxicity tests was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. The root extract and the standard drug (Aspirin) significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) decreased the number of writhes caused by acetic acid. The extract and morphine significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) prolonged reaction time in tail immersion model. The extract produced significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) dose dependent inhibition of oedema which was comparable to aspirin in carrageenan induced paw oedema model. The root extract also demonstrated significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) effect in xylene induced mouse ear oedema test compared to dexamethasone. The extract significantly decreased high temperature in both Brewer’s yeast and d-amphetamine induced pyrexia.

Conclusions: Findings show that S. lehmbachii may provide a good source of plant compounds with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities.

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Published

2021-05-25

How to Cite

Akuodor, G. C., Ohadoma, S. C., Ofor, C. C., Megwas, A. U., Chukwu, L. C., Ramalan, M. A., Okoroafor, D. O., & Chilaka, K. C. (2021). Anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the ethanol root bark extract of Salacia lehmbachii in rats and mice. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 10(6), 614–620. https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212066

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