Evaluation of the comparison of anti-depressant effects of oral fluoxetine and riluzole in albino rats by using the forced swimming test model

Hansraj Kumar; Akash Chandra; Uma Shankar Prasad Keshri; Rajiv Kumar

doi:10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20211021

Authors

Hansraj Kumar Department of Pharmacology, Shaheed Nirmal Mahto Medical College and Hospital, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
Akash Chandra Department of Pharmacology, Shaheed Nirmal Mahto Medical College and Hospital, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
Uma Shankar Prasad Keshri Department of Pharmacology, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Rajiv Kumar Department of Pharmacology, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20211021

Keywords:

Anxiolytic, Forced swimming test, Psychodynamic, SSRI

Abstract

Background: Depression is a group of disorders results from a combination of multiple etiologic factors- genetic, biochemical, psychodynamic and socio-environmental. A depression consists of following clinical features as sadness, apathy, changes in sleep pattern, impaired concentration, feeling of shame or guilt and thoughts of dying or death. Fluoxetine and riluzole both are used for the treatment of depression in human being. Fluoxetine is SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and riluzole is anxiolytic and mood stabilizer.

Methods: Healthy male albino rats weighing between 150-200 grams were taken for the present study. Study animals were divided into three groups randomly with each group consisting of ten animals. Drugs were powdered with help of mortar and pestle and mixed in gum acacia solution. Appropriate volume of the freshly prepared solution was administered orally daily between 9 am to 10 am to all animal as per their individual body weight. Group A administered 1ml of 0.9% normal saline orally and serves as control group. Group B administered 0.4 mg of fluoxetine orally. Group C administered 2 mg of riluzole orally. Animals were evaluated for antidepressant activity using model- forced swimming test.

Results: The results in the forced swimming test were assessed by duration of immobility in last 4 minutes of total 6 minute test duration. Antidepressant activity is indicated by the reduction in the duration of immobility i.e. lesser the duration more the efficacy. The results have been expressed as mean±standard deviation of duration of immobility in seconds during 6 minute period.

Conclusions: There was significant difference in antidepressant activity of fluoxetine with antidepressant activity of riluzole. Riluzole showed antidepressant activity after two weeks of starting the drugs.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Gupta SK. Drug Screening Methods. 3rd edn. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2016:404.

Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, et al, eds. Harrison’s principals of internal medicine. Vol 2. 19th edn. New York: McGraw Hill; 2015:2714-2717.

Suominen KH, Isometsa ET, Henriksson MM, Ostamo AI, Lonnqvist JK. Inadequate treatment for major depression both before and after attempted suicide. Am J Psychiatr. 1998;155(12):1778-80.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV. 4th edn. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 1994.

Teter CJ, Kando JC, Wells BG. Major depressive disorder. Basicmedical Key; 2016.

Steffens DC, Skoog I, Norton MC, Hart AD, Tschanz JT, Plassman BL, Wyse BW, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Breitner JC. Prevalence of depression and its treatment in an elderly population: the Cache County study. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(6):601-7.

Pompili M, Serafini G, Innamorati M, Dominici G, Ferracuti S, Kotzalidis GD, Serra G, Girardi P, Janiri L, Tatarelli R, Sher L. Suicidal behavior and alcohol abuse. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010;7(4):1392-431.

Ferrari AJ, Charlson FJ, Norman RE, Patten SB, Freedman G, Murray CJ, et al. Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. PLoS Med. 2013;10(11):e1001547.

Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 19th edn. McGraw-Hill Professional; 2017.

Rogers SJ, Cavazos JE. Epilepsy. In: Dipiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherapy A pathophysiologic approach. 7 edn, McGraw Hill: New York; 2008:927.

Sullivan PF, Neale MC, Kendler KS. Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatr. 2000;157(10):1552-62.

Brigitta B. Pathophysiology of depression and mechanisms of treatment. Dialogue Clin Neurosci. 2002;4(1):7-20.

Trauma emotional and psychological trauma. Available at: http://www.helpguide.org/articles/ptsd-trauma/emotional-and-psychological-trauma.html. Accessed on 20th January 2021.

Porsolt RD, Bertin A, Jalfre M. Behavioural despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1977;229(2):327-36.

Turner EH, Matthews AM, Linardatos E, Tell RA, Rosenthal R. Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(3):252-60.

Steru L, Chermat R, Thierry B, Simon P. The tail suspension test: a new method for screening antidepressants in mice. Psychopharmacology. 1985;85(3):367-70.

Ates O, Cayli SR, Gurses I, Turkoz Y, Tarim O, Cakir CO, et al. Comparative neuroprotective effect of sodium channel blockers after experimental spinal cord injury. J Clin Neurosci. 2007;14(7):658-65.

Schwartz G, Fehlings MG. Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of sodium channel blockers after spinal cord injury: improved behavioral and neuroanatomical recovery with riluzole. J Neurosurg. 2001;94(2 Suppl):245-56.

Benazzouz A, Boraud T, Dubédat P, Boireau A, Stutzmann JM, Gross C. Riluzole prevents MPTP-induced parkinsonism in the rhesus monkey: a pilot study. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995;284(3):299-307.