Human influenza viruses in South-East and East Asia: a systematic review of seasonal patterns, viral types/subtypes, and antiviral susceptibility pattern in the past two decades

Authors

  • Osede Ignis Iribhogbe Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma Edo State, Nigeria
  • Sunday Olowo Samuel Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma Edo State, Nigeria
  • John O. Ohaju-Obodo Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka Delta State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20203634

Keywords:

Viral types/subtypes, Seasonality, Antiviral agents, Antiviral susceptibility

Abstract

The study aims to evaluate influenza seasonality pattern and identify influenza viral types/subtype as well as their antiviral susceptibility pattern in South-East (SE) and East Asia (E-Asia) with the view of providing useful information for public health action. The study is a systematic review of existing literature involving the use of search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed and EBSCOHOST. The search was conducted using a multi-stage approach which yielded 66 articles after screening for relevance to the subject using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 60 articles were eventually analyzed and the findings were presented in tables and bar charts. The study showed that the influenza virus was more prevalent in the 6-20 years age group (SE: 53.3% and E-Asia: 44.8%) and also occurred commonly in the age of 61-90 years age group (SE: 15.6% and E-Asia: 24.1%). Seasonal peaks were reported more in the winter period with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 (22.37%; 24.14%), seasonal influenza A (H1N1) (6.58%; 17.24%), A (H3N2) (11.84%; 17.24%), and influenza B Victoria/Yamagata (5.26%; 20.69%) being the predominant viral type/subtypes. The pathogenic avian influenza strains; AH5N1 (7.89%) and A (H7N9) (6.90%) was also reported in SE and E-Asia respectively. Oseltamivir (37.5%) and peramivir (37.04%) were the most frequently used anti-influenza agents in SE and E-Asia respectively. However, an H55Y+I436N combined mutation 4 (12.5%) and an H274Y amino acid substitution 5 (18.5%) in the neuraminidase gene of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 was associated with decreased sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors. The study has shown that influenza A (H1N1) pandemic and seasonal strain, A (H3N2), and B Victoria/Yamagata remains the predominant circulating virus in SE and E-Asia. However, the dynamic antigenic and genetic evolution of the virus calls for more frequent surveillance in the region.

Author Biographies

Osede Ignis Iribhogbe, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma Edo State, Nigeria

Senior Lecturer

Sunday Olowo Samuel, Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma Edo State, Nigeria

Professor

John O. Ohaju-Obodo, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka Delta State, Nigeria

Professor

References

Bui CM, Chughtai AA, Adam DC, McIntyre CR. An Overview of the Epidemiology and Emergence of Influenza A Infection in Humans Over Time. Arch Public Health. 2017;75:15.

Neumann G, Chen H, Gao GF, Shu Y, Kawaoka Y. H5N1 Influenza Viruses: Outbreaks and Biological Properties. Cell Resp. 2010;20(1):51-61.

Simmerman JM, Uyeki TM, The burden of Influenza in East and South-East Asia: a Review of English Language Literature. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2008;2(3):81-92.

Rafeek RAM, Divarathna MVM, Noordeen F. History and Current Trend in Influenza Virus Infection with Special Reference to Sri Lanka. Virus Disease. 2017;28(3):225-32.

WHO. Influenza. Online Referencing. Available at: https://www.who.int/influenza/vaccine/tropics/vaccination. Accessed on 15 June 2020.

Young BE, Chen M. Influenza in Temperate and Tropical Asia: A Review of Epidemiology and Vaccinology. Human Vaccines Immunotherape. 2020;1-9.

Koh MT, Eg KP, and Loh SS. Hospitalized Malaysian Children with Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza:Clinical Characteristics, Risk factors for Severe Disease and Comparison with the 2002-2007 Seasonal Influenza. Singapore Med J. 2016:57(2):81-6.

Lucero MG, Inobaya MT, Nillos LT, Tan AG, Arguelles VLF, Dureza CJC, et al. National Influenza Surveillance in the Phillipines from 2006 to 2012: Seasonality and Circulating Strains. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:762.

Azekawa S, Namkoong H, Mitamura K, Kawaoka Y, Saito F. Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus. Sci Direct. 2020;20:e00775.

Saha S, Chadha M, Mamun AA, Rhaman M, Sturm-Ramirez K, Chittaganpitch M, et al. Influenza Seasonality and Vaccination Timing in Tropical and Subtropical Areas of Southern and South-East Asia. Bull World Health Organ. 2014;92(5):318-30.

Dapat C, Saito R, Kyaw Y, Naito M, Hasegawa G, Suzuki Y, et al. Epidemiology of Human Influenza A and B Virus in Myanmer from 2005-2007. Intervirology. 2009;52(6):310-20.

Stewart RJ, Ly S, Sar B, Leng V, Heng S, Sim K, et al. Using a Hospital Admission Survey to Estimate the Burden of Influenza-associated Severe Respiratory Infection in the Province of Cambodia-Methods Used and Lessons Learned. Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 2018;11(1):104-12.

Tan AL, Virk RK, Tambyah PA, Inoue M, Lim EA, Chan K, et al. Surveillance and Clinical Characterization of Influenza in a University Cohort in Singapore. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(3):e0119485.

Timmermans A, Melendrez MC, Se Y, Chuang I, Samon N, Uthaimongkol N, et al. Human Sentinel Surveillance of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viral Pathogens in Border Areas of Western Cambodia. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(3):e0152529.

Ly S, Horwood P, Chan M, Rith S, Sorn S, Oeung K, et al. Seroprevalence and Transmission of Human Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Before and After Reassortment, Cambodia 2006-2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(2):300-3.

Long-Hay P, Yamamoto E, Bun S, Savuth T, Buntha S, Sokdaro S, et al. Outbreak Detection of Influenza-Like Illnesses in Prey Veng Province, Cambodia:a Community-based Surveillance. Nagoya J Med Sci. 2019;81(2):269-80.

Snoeck CJ, Ponghsavath V, Luetteke N, Kaufmann S, Sausy A, Samountry B, et al. Etiology of Viral Respiratory Infections in Northern Lao People Democratic Republic. J Med Virol. 2018;90(10):1553-8.

Hirve S, Newman LP, Paget J, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Fitzner J, Bhat N, et al. Influenza Seasonality in the Tropics and Subtropics-When to Vaccinate? PLoS ONE. 2016;11(4):e0153003.

Alonso WJ, Yu C, Viboud C, Richard SA, Schuck-Paim C, Simonsen L, et al. A Global Map of Hemispheric Influenza Vaccine Recommendations Based on Local Patterns of Viral Circulation. Scientific Reports. 2015;5:17214.

National Geographic Society. Seasons in Asia. Online Referencing. Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/season. Accessed on 13 June 2020.

Guerche-Seblain EC, Caini S, Paget J, Vanhems P, Schellevis F. Epidemiology and Timing of Seasonal Influenza in the Asia-pacific Region, 2010-2017: Implications for Influenza Vaccination Programs. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:331.

Newman LP, Bhat N, Fleming JA, Neuzil KM. Global Influenza Seasonality to Inform Country-Level Vaccine Program:An Analysis of WHO FluNET Influenza Surveillance Data between 2011 and 2016. PLoS ONE. 2018. 13(2):eo193263.

Lim C, Ang LW, Tey SH, James L, Kanagalingam D, Su LL, et al. Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 Infection in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women Hospitalized in Singapore, May-December 2009. Public Health. 2015;129(6):769-76.

Baggett HC, Chittaganpitch M, Thamthitiwat S, Prapasiri P, Naorat S, Sawatwong P, et al. Incidence and Epidemiology of Hospitalized Influenza Cases in Rural Thailand during the Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 Pandemic, 2009-2010. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(11):e48609.

Rungrojcharoenkit K, Kittikraisak W, Ditsungnoen D, Olsen SJ, Suntarattiwong P, Chotpitayasunondh T, et al. Influenza Virus Seroprevalence in a Cohort of Healthy and High-risk Children Enrolled in Infancy, Bangkok Thailand. Int J Infect Dis. 2019;89:21-6.

Khuntirat B, Yoon IK, Chittaganpitch M, Krueger WS, Supawat K, Blair PJ, et al. High Rate of Influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 Infections Among Rural Thai Villagers, 2009-2010. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(9):e106751.

Barberis I, Martini M, Iavarone F, Orsi A. Available influenza Vaccine; Immunization Strategies, History and New Tools for Fighting the Disease. J Prev Med Hyg. 2016;57(1):e41-46.

Carlson R, Southern Hemisphere’s 2020 Influenza Vaccine Changed. Precision Vaccination. Available at: https://www.precisionvaccinations.com/who-announced-2020-flu-season-vaccine-changes. Accessed on 20 June 2020.

Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP), Two Strains Changed for the Southern Hemisphere 2020 Flu Vaccine. Influenza Vaccines. Available at: https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2019/09/two-strains-changed-southern-hemisphere-2020-flu-vaccine. Accessed on 20 June 2020.

WHO, Influenza update June 2020, Update no 309. Available at: https://www.who.int/influenza/ surveillance_monitoring/updates/latest_update_GIP_surveillance/en/. Accessed on 20 June 2020.

Khamphaphongphane B, Ketmayoon P, Lewis HC, Phonekeo D, Sisouk T, Xayadeth S, et al. Epidemiological and Virological Characteristics of Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza in Lao PDR, 2008–2010. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013;7(3):304-11.

Oong XY, Ng KT, Lam TTY, Pang YK, Chan KG, Hanafi NS, et al. Epidemiology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Influenza B Virus in Malaysia, 2012-2014. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(8):e0136254.

Li Q, Zhou L, Zhou M, Chen Z, Li F, Wu H, et al. Epidemiology of Human Infections with Avian Influenza (H7N9) Virus in China. New Engl J Med. 2014;370:520-32.

Han DD, Han CX, Li LY, Wang M, Yang JH, Li M. Epidemiology of Human Infection with Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Virus in China 2013-2017. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2018;39(1):44-6.

Htwe KTZ, Dapat C, Shobugawa Y, Odagiri T, Hibino A, Kondo H, et al. Phylogeographic Analysis of Human Influenza A and B Viruses in Myanmer, 2010-2015. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(1):e0210550

Sunthronwong N, Klinfeung S, Vishiwattana P, Korkong S, Thongmee T, Vongpunsawad S, et al. Genetic and Antigenic Divergence in the Influenza A (H3N2) Virus Circulating between 2016 and 2017 in Thailand. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(12):e0189511.

WHO, Recommended Composition of Influenza Virus Vaccines for Use in the 2019-2020 Northern Hemispheric Influenza Season. Available at: https://www.who.int/influenza/vaccines/virus/recommendations/2019_20_north/en/. Accessed on 20 June 2020.

Garcia V and Aris-Brosou S. Comparative Dynamics and Distribution of Influenza Drug Resistance Acquisition to Protein M2 and Neuraminidase inhibitors. Mol Biol Evol. 2014;31(2):355-63.

Gubareva LV, Besselaar TG, Daniels RS, Fry A, Gregory V, Huang W, et al. Global Update on the Susceptibility of Human Influenza Virus to Neuraminidase Inhibitors, 2015-2016. Antiviral Res. 2017;146:12-20.

Hurt AC, Besselaar TG, Daniels RS, Ermetal B, Fry A, Gubareva L, et al. Global Update on the Susceptibility of Human Influenza Virus to Neuraminidase Inhibitors, 2014-2015. Antiviral Res. 2016;132:178-85.

Hurt AC, Hardie K, Wilson NJ, Ermetal B, Fry A, Gubareva L, et al. Characterization of Widespread Country Cluster of H275Y Oseltamivir-Resistant A (H1N1) pdm 09 Influenza in Australia. J Infect Dis. 2012;206(2):148-57.

Leang SK, Kwok S, Sullivan SG, Maurer-Stroh S, Kelso A, Barr IG, et al. Peramivir and Laninamivir Susceptibility of Circulating Influenza A and B Viruses. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2014;8(2):135-9.

Nakauchi M, Takashita E, Fujisaki S, Shirakura M, Ogawa R, Morita H, et al. Rapid Detection of an I38T Amino Acid Substitution in Influenza Polymerase Acidic Subunit Associated with Reduced Susceptibility to Baloxavir Marboxil. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2020;14(4):436-43.

Dong G, Peng C, Luo J, Wang C, Han L, Wu B, et al. Adamantane-Resistant Influenza A Virus in the World (1902-2013): Frequency and Distribution of M2 Gene Mutations. PLoS ONE. 2015;10 (3):e 0119115.

Adams SE, Lugovtsev VY, Kan A, Bovin NV, Donnelly RP, llyushina. Laninamivir-Interferon λ Combination Treatment Promotes Resistance by Influenza A Virus More Rapidly than Laninamivir Alone. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2020;00301-20.

Hussain M, Galvin HD, Haw TY, Nutsford AN, Husain M. Drug Resistance in Influenza A Virus the Epidemiology and Management. Infect Drug Resist. 2017;10:121-34.

Lampejo T. Influenza and Antiviral Resistance an Overview. European J Clin Microbiol and Infect Dis. 2020;39(7):1201-8.

Duval X, Werf VS, Blanchon T, Mosnier A, Bouscambert-Duchamp M, Tibi A, et al. Efficacy of Oseltamivir-Zanamivir Combination Compared to Each Monotherapy for Seasonal Influenza: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. PLoS Med. 2010;7(11):e1000362.

Reina J, Reina N. Baloxavir Marboxil: A Potent Cap-Dependent Endonuclease Inhibitor of Influenza Viruses. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2019;32(1):1-5.

Takashita E, Ichikawa M, Morita H, Ogawa R, Fujisaki S, Shirakura M, et al. Human-to-Human Transmission of Influenza A (H3N2) Virus with Reduced Susceptibility to Baloxavir, Japan, February 2019. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25(11):2108-11.

Downloads

Published

2020-08-25

How to Cite

Iribhogbe, O. I., Samuel, S. O., & Ohaju-Obodo, J. O. (2020). Human influenza viruses in South-East and East Asia: a systematic review of seasonal patterns, viral types/subtypes, and antiviral susceptibility pattern in the past two decades. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 9(9), 1444–1453. https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20203634

Issue

Section

Systematic Reviews