Evaluation of hematological parameters in oral cancer and oral pre-cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20202947Keywords:
Bleeding time, Clotting time, Haemoglobin, Hematological, Differential leucocyte count, Oral potentially malignant disorders of oral cavity, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Total leucocyte countAbstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common public health issue in Indian population. Quite a large number of OSCC cases are preceded by potentially malignant disorders of oral cavity. The need for simple diagnostic marker for early diagnosis and thus better therapeutic outcome is imperative. The current study aims to evaluate hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, bleeding time, clotting time, total leucocyte count (TLC) and differential leucocyte count (DLC) in OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorder cases along with normal healthy controls.
Methods: A total of 150 subjects; 50 in each group were taken and 2.5 ml of blood were withdrawn from each subject and TLC, DLC and hemoglobin assessment was done using autoanalyzer while bleeding time and clotting time was recorded through Duke’s method and modified Dale’s method respectively.
Results: All the data were tabulated and recorded as mean±standard deviation and comparison was done using one-way ANOVA test (p<0.05). TLC count, neutrophil count and lymphocyte count showed statistically significant difference amongst three groups while other parameters such as hemoglobin percentage, bleeding time, clotting time, eosinophil count, monocyte count and basophil count were statistically non-significant.
Conclusions: This study showed TLC count, neutrophil count and lymphocyte count might prove as useful determinant factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders. However, further study with larger sample size is required to establish their role as diagnostic, prognostic marker or predictor of malignant transformation.
References
Mortazavi H, Baharvand M, Mehdipour M. Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: An overview of more than 20 entities. J Dent Res Clin Dent Prospects.2014;8(1):6-14.
Warnakulasuriya S. Causes of oral cancer-an appraisal of controversies. Br Dent J. 2009;207:471-5.
Parakh MK, Ulaganambi S, Ashifa N, Premkumar R, Jain AL. Oral potentially malignant disorders: clinical diagnosis and current screening aids: a narrative review. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2020;29(1):65-72.
Bharadwaj JR. Laboratory investigation of hemolytic and purpuric disorders. In: Laboratory Manual of the Armed Forces; 2001;1:41-54.
Sankaranarayanan R. Oral cancer in India: an epidemiologic and clinical review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1990;69(3):325-30.
Nagao T, Ikeda N, Fukano H, Hashimoto S, Shimozato K, Warnakulasuriya S. Incidence rates for oral leukoplakia and lichen planus in a Japanese population. J Oral Pathol Med. 2005;34(9):532-9.
Fernández-Olavarría A, Mosquera-Pérez R, Díaz-Sánchez RM, Serrera-Figallo MA, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL, Torres-Lagares D. The role of serum biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer: A systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent. 2016;8(2):184-93.
Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Khan RS, Najeeb S, Slowey PD, Rehman IU. Role of salivary biomarkers in oral cancer detection. Adv Clin Chem. 2018;86:23-70.
Patel JB, Shukla SN, Patel HR, Kothari KK, Shah PM, Patel PS. Utility of urinary biomarkers in oral cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2007;8(2):229-35.
Karin M. Nuclear factor-kappaB in cancer development and progression. Nature. 2006;441:431-6.
Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Michael K. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell. 2010;140(6):883-99.
Tampa M, Mitran MI, Mitran CJ, Sarbu MI, Matei C, Nicolae I, et al. Mediators of inflammation - a potential source of biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Hindawi. J Immunol Res. 2018;1061780:1-12.
Jee SH, Park JY, Kim HS, Lee TY, Samet JM. White blood cell count and risk for all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in a cohort of Koreans. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162:1062-9.
Balkwill F. Cancer and the chemokine network. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4:540-50.
Tsai YD, Wang CP, Chen CY. Pretreatment circulating monocyte count associated with poor prognosis in patients with oral cavity cancer. Head Neck. 2014;36(7):947-53.
Kuss I, Hathaway B, Ferris RL, Gooding W, Whiteside TL. Imbalance in absolute counts of T lymphocyte subsets in patients with head and neck cancer and its relation to disease. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2005;62:161-72.
Grimm RH, Neaton JD, Ludwig W. Prognostic importance of the white blood cell count for coronary, cancer, and all-cause mortality. JAMA. 1985;254(14):1932-7.
Erlinger TP, Muntner P, Helzlsouer KJ. WBC count and the risk of cancer mortality in a national sample of U.S. adults: results from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey mortality study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004;13(6):1052-6.
Shankar A, Mitchell P, Rochtchina E, Tan J, Wang JJ. Association between circulating white blood cell count and long-term incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the blue mountains eye study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165(4):375-82.
Narang D, Shishodiya S, Sur J, Khan NF. White blood cells count: as a pathological diagnostic marker for oral pre-cancerous lesions and conditions: a randomized blind trial. J Carcinog Mutagen. 2014;5:188.
Lyman GH, Khorana AA. Cancer, clots and consensus: new understanding of an old problem. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(29):4821-6.
Hefler L, Mayerhofer K, Leibman B, Obermair A, Reinthaller A, Kainz C, Tempfer C. Tumor anemia and thrombocytosis in patients with vulvar cancer. Tumour Biol. 2000;21:309-14.
Bhattacharjee A, Borah FR, Sarbani G, Devnath B, Uddin S. Evaluation of hematological parameters as a possible marker for head-and-neck cancer and precancerous conditions. J Evolut Med Dent Sci. 2015;4(95):1611-7.
Cordella C, Luebbers HT, Rivelli V, Grätz KW, Kruse AL. An evaluation of the preoperative hemoglobin level as a prognostic factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck Oncol. 2011;3:35.
