A comparative study between cilnidipine and amlodipine on learning and memory in albino mice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20201747Keywords:
Cilnidipine, Amlodipine, Transfer latency, DementiaAbstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, followed by vascular dementia (VaD). Animal studies have shown that amlodipine improves learning and memory. Since, cilnidipine produces lesser side effects than amlodipine, and animal studies have shown that it has neuroprotective action, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cilnidipine on learning and memory and its comparison with amlodipine in alprazolam induced amnesic albino mice.
Methods: This study was carried out on albino mice, divided into three groups of six animals each. Amnesia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alprazolam in all the three groups from day 1 to 14. In addition, group 1, 2 and 3 received normal saline as a control, amlodipine and cilnidipine as test drugs respectively, by same route for the same duration. Then, learning and memory of the animals was assessed using elevated plus maze and cook’s pole climbing models. Results were compared among the groups using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test.
Results: In both the model’s amlodipine and cilnidipine groups showed statistically significant reduction in transfer latency and conditioned avoidance response duration in comparison with normal saline. But no difference was found between amlodipine and cilnidipine groups.
Conclusions: Cilnidipine and amlodipine showed a non-inferiority response on learning and memory enhancing effect in this study. Since, cilnidipine has lesser side effects than amlodipine, it can be taken up for evaluating its effect on cognitive improvement in dementia patients.
Metrics
References
Buss DM, Greiling H. Adaptive individual differences. J Personality. 1999;67:209-43.
Okano H, Hirano T, Balaban E. Learning and Memory. PNAS. 2000;97(23):12403-4.
William W. Seeley, Bruce L. miller. Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. In: Kasper DL et al, eds. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine.19th ed. New York. NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015:2598-2601.
Erik DR. Treatment of central nervous system degenerative disorders. In: Brunton LL, Dandan HR, Knollmann BC, eds. Goodman and gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 13th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2018:327-338.
Nimmrich V, Eckert A. Calcium channel blockers and dementia. BJP. 2013;169:1203-10.
Takahara A, Konda T, Enomoto A, Kondo N. Neuroprotective effect of a dual L/N type calcium channel blocker Cilnidipine in the rat focal brain ischaemia model. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004;27(9):1388-91.
Kumar N, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Antistress effect of Cilnidipine and nimodipine in immobilization subjected mice. Physiol Behav Epub. 2011;105(5):1148-55.
Grazyna B, Marta KS, Krzysztof J. Influence of acute or chronic calcium channel antagonists on the acquisition and consolidation of memory and nicotinie-induced cognitive effects. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol. 2013;386:651-64.
Nitin Bansal, Milind Parle, Effect of soybean supplementation on the memory of alprazolam-induced amnesic mice. J Pharmacy Bio Allied Sci. 2010;2(2):144-7.
Hall FS, Yasir S. Drug effect on learning and memory in: Franz J. Hock eds. Drug discovery and evaluation: Pharmacological Assays. 4th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2016: 1625-1675.
Prasad P, Kulkarni M, Bhave K. Effect of amlodipine and metoprolol on cognition in rats. Int J Recent Trends Science Technol. 2016;18;(1):156-62.
Quartermain D, Hawxhurst A, Ermita B, Puente J. Effect of calcium channel blocker amlodipine on memory in mice. Behav Neural Biol. 1993;60:211-9.
Nagahama S, Norimatsu T, Maki T, Yasuda M. The effect of combination therapy with an L/N-type calcium channel blocker, Cilnidipine and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on the blood pressure and heart rate in Japanese hypertensive patients: an observational study conducted in Japan. Hypertens Res. 2007;30(9):815-22.