Potentiation of general anaesthetic activity of ketamine by memantine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20195777Keywords:
Ketamine, Memantine, General anaesthesiaAbstract
Background: The study was done with the objective to evaluate synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anesthesia by memantine in wistar albino rats.
Methods: The wistar albino rats of either sex were divided into four groups of five animals. Group 1 received ketamine 40 mg/kg, group 2 received ketamine 80 mg/kg, group 3 received ketamine 40 mg/kg along with memantine 10 mg/kg and group 4 received 80 mg of ketamine along with memantine 10 mg/kg to evaluate the synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anesthesia by memantine. The sleep latency time and duration of sleep were measured in all the groups.
Results: The sleep latency time of group 4 is significantly decreased (p<0.001) compared to all other groups. The duration of sleep of group 4 is significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to group 1 and group 3, but less than that of group 1.
Conclusions: Memantine possess synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anaesthesia.
Metrics
References
Srivastava SK. Pharmacology for MBBS. 1st ed. New Delhi: Avichal Publishing Company; 2017.
Williams NR, Heifets BD, Blasey C, Sudheimer K, Pannu J, Pankow H, et al. Attenuation of Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine by Opioid Receptor Antagonism. Am J Psychiatr. 2018;175(12):1205-15.
McNamara JO. Pharmacotherapy of the Epilepsies. In: Brunton L, Chabner B, Knollman B, eds. Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 12th ed. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Medical; 2011.
Cottone P, Iemolo A, Narayan AR, Kwak J, Momaney D, Sabino V. The uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists ketamine and memantine preferentially increase the choice for a small, immediate reward in low-impulsive rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013;226(1):127-38.
Rogawski MA, Wenk GL. The Neuropharma-cological Basis for the Use of Memantine in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. CNS Drug Rev. 2003;9(3):275-308.
Guidelines for anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals. Suny upstate medical university department of laboratory animal resources. Available at: http://www.upstate.edu/dlar/pdf/anesthesia_analgesia_guidelines.pdf. Accessed on 3 September 2016.
Lee SH, Kim SH, Noh YH, Choi BM, Noh GJ, Park WD, et al. Pharmacokinetics of Memantine after a Single and Multiple Dose of Oral and Patch Administration in Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2016;118(2):122-7.
Erhirhie EO, Ekene, Nwoke E, Ajaghaku DL. Guidelines on dosage calculation and stock solution preparation in experimental animals’ studies. J Natural Sci Res. 2014;4(18):100-6.
Vogel GH, Vogel WH, Ascholkens B, Sandow J, Muller G, Wolfgang F. Vogel Drug Discovery and Evaluation. (2nd ed.). Berlin: Springer Verlag; 2002: 495-496.
Zorumski CF, Izumi Y, Mennerick S. Ketamine: NMDA Receptors and Beyond. J Neurosci. 2016;36(44):11158-64.
MiyasakaM, Domino E F. Neuronal mechanisms of ketamine-induced anesthesia. Int J Neuropharmacol. 1968;7:557-73.
Morris H, Wallach J. From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2014;6(7-8):614-32.
Ishikawa I, Shinno H, Ando N, Mori T, Nakamura Y. The effect of Memantine on sleep architecture and psychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2016;28(3):157-64.
Ishida T, Obara Y, Kamei C. Studies on wakefulness promoting effect of Memantine in rats. Behavioural Brain Res. 2010;206(2):274-8.
Naoyuki K, Michio S. Memantine‐induced sustained unconsciousness. Neurol Clin Neurosci. 2016;4(6):236-8.
Emik U, Unal Y, Arslan M, Demirel CB. The effects of memantine on recovery, cognitive functions, and pain after propofol anesthesia. Revista Brasileira De Anestesiologia. 2016;66(5):485-91.
Johnson JW, Kotermanski SE. Mechanism of action of memantine. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2006;6(1):61-7.
Sabino V, Narayan AR, Zeric T, Steardo L, Cottone P. mTOR activation is required for the anti-alcohol effect of ketamine, but not memantine, in alcohol-preferring rats. Behav Brain Res. 2013;247:9-16.
Rahimzadeh P, Imani F, Nikoubakht N, Koleini Z, Reza Faiz SH, Sayarifard A. A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Oral Memantine and Placebo for Acute Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Anesthesiol Pain Med. 2017;7(3):e45297.
Iversen L, Dargan P. Ketamine: a review of use and harm. London: Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs; 2010.