Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptom induced by carbamazepine: a case report

Authors

  • Rahul R. Damor Department of Pharmacology, PDU Government Medical College, Rajkot, Gujrat, India
  • Amita R. Kubavat Department of Pharmacology, PDU Government Medical College, Rajkot, Gujrat, India
  • Kiran G. Piparva Department of Pharmacology, PDU Government Medical College, Rajkot, Gujrat, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20191610

Keywords:

Carbamazepine, DRESS, RegiSCAR

Abstract

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe, potentially life-threatening acute adverse drug reaction (ADR), typically characterized by a long latency period (2-6 weeks to 3 months) from drug exposure. DRESS syndrome is defined by the presence of fever, cutaneous eruption, lymphadenopathy, systemic or asymptomatic internal organ involvement (e.g. Hepatitis, carditis, interstitial nephritis, interstitial pneumonitis, etc.) and haematological abnormalities, mainly leucocytosis, eosinophilia and sometimes atypical lymphocytosis. There are around 50 culprit drugs which cause DRESS syndrome e.g. carbamazepine, phenytoin, allopurinol, sulfa derivatives, antidepressants, antiepileptics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antimicrobials. The incidence of DRESS syndrome has been estimated to be between 1 in 1,000 and 1 in 10,000 drug exposures. There are many reported cases of DRESS syndrome due to carbamazepine, phenytoin, vancomycin, levitiracitam, ceftriaxone etc. Author presented a case of DRESS syndrome by carbamazepin. RegiSCAR and Japanese consensus group have developed specific criteria for making the diagnosis of DRESS syndrome. The patient described here met the majority of criteria according to RegiSCAR scoring guidelines for a diagnosis of DRESS syndrome induced by carbamazepine. As per RegiSCAR diagnostic criteria author had concluded that this was a “Definite” case of DRESS (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptom) syndrome induced by carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is most common broad-spectrum antiepileptic drugs so, this case report will raises awareness among physician to suspect DRESS syndrome in patients who present unusual complaints and skin findings after starting antiepileptic drugs.

References

Gancheva T, Gancheva D, Troeva Z, Velev V, Hristakieva E, Tsokeva Z, et al. Carbamazepine-induced DRESS syndrome: a case report. J Pharmacol. 2017;5(1):1063.

Ting TY. Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome: identification and management. Current Treatment Options Neurol. 2007;9(4):243-8.

Omairi NE, Abourazzak S, Chaouki S, Atmani S, Hida M. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptom (DRESS) induced by carbamazepine: a case report and literature review. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;18:9.

Vlachopanos G, Kokkona A, Zerva A, Stavroulaki E, Zacharogiannis C, Agrafiotis A. Atypical DRESS syndrome induced by lenalidomide in chronic hemodialysis. J Clin Exp Pathol. 2016;6(3):1-3.

Waseem D, Latief M, Sofi N, Dar I, Khan Q. DRESS syndrome: a review and update. Skin Dis Skin Care. 2016;1:1.

Kardaun SH, Sidoroff A, Valeyrie‐Allanore L, Halevy S, Davidovici BB, Mockenhaupt M, et al. Variability in the clinical pattern of cutaneous side‐effects of drugs with systemic symptoms: does a DRESS syndrome really exist?. Brit J Dermatol. 2007;156(3):609-11.

Bocquet H, Bagot M, Roujeau JC. Drug-induced pseudolymphoma and drug hypersensitivity syndrome (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: DRESS). Seminars Cutaneous Med Surg. 1996;15(4):250-257.

Shear NH, Spielberg SP. Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome. In vitro assessment of risk. J Clin Investigation. 1988;82(6):1826-32.

Fiszenson‐Albala F, Auzerie V, Mahe E, Farinotti R, Durand‐Stocco C, Crickx B, et al. A 6‐month prospective survey of cutaneous drug reactions in a hospital setting. Brit J Dermatol. 2003;149(5):1018-22.

Downloads

Published

2019-04-23

How to Cite

Damor, R. R., Kubavat, A. R., & Piparva, K. G. (2019). Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptom induced by carbamazepine: a case report. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 8(5), 1115–1118. https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20191610

Issue

Section

Case Reports