Evaluation of analgesic (in vivo) activity of Ariflex liniment in comparison with diclofenac gel by acetic acid induced writhing model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212922Keywords:
Ariflex liniment, Diclofenac gel, Analgesic, Acetic acid induced writhing modelAbstract
Background: Adverse effects of available medications for osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) necessitate development of safer and effective alternative medicinal substitutes. The present study was conducted to evaluate analgesic activity of Ariflex liniment (conceptualized and developed by Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.) in comparison with diclofenac gel by using acetic acid induced writhing model.
Methods: Albino mice of either sex weighing 20-25 g were taken and divided into 3 groups with 5 animals in each group, i.e., group 1 (control group), group 2 (diclofenac gel) and group 3 (Ariflex liniment). After 1 hour of topical application of study drugs writhing was induced in mice using intra-peritonial injection of 1% acetic acid in volume of 0.1 ml/10 g body weight. Then the writhing episodes were recorded for 30 minutes and results were noted.
Results: In the control group, the total number of writhes were 260±29.73 (mean±S. E. M.). The total number of writhes was 12.17±11.81 (mean ± S. E. M.) in diclofenac group. In Ariflex liniment group, not a single animal felt pain, hence there were no writhes recorded. When compared to control group, the difference in number of writhes was statistically significant. The analgesic activity of Ariflex liniment was found to be superior to that of diclofenac gel used as standard drug.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that Ariflex liniment possesses analgesic activity.
References
Hochberg MC, Altman RD, April KT, Benkhalti M, Guyatt G, McGowan J, et al. American college of rheumatology 2012 recommendations for the use of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies in osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(4):465-74.
Nam JL, Wunthro KL, Vollenhoven RFV, Pavelka K, Valesini G, Hensor EMA, et al. Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of RA. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(6):976-86.
Radha MS, Gangadhar MR. Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis patients in Mysore city, Karnataka. Int J Rec Scientif Res. 2015;6(4):3316-20.
Mahajan A, Verma S, Tandon V. Osteoarthritis. JAPI. 2005;53:634-41.
Tallheden T, Bengtsson C, Brantsing C, Carlsson L, Peterson L, Brittberg M, et al. Proliferation and differentiation potential of chondrocytes from osteoarthritic patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(3):560-8.
Scheinfeld N. A comprehensive review and evaluation of the side effects of the tumor necrosis factor alpha blockers etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab. J Dermatolog Treat. 2004;15(5):280-94.
Kongtharvonskul J, Anothaisintawee T, McEvoy M, Attia J, Woratanarat P, Thakkinstian A. Efficacy and safety of glucosamine, diacerein, and NSAIDs in osteoarthritis knee: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res. 2015;20(1):24.
Tascioglu F, Armagan O, Tabak Y, Corapci I, Oner C. Low power laser treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Swiss Med Wkly. 2004;134(17-18):254-8.
Shastri B. Yogaratnakar with Vidyotini commentary. commentary by Shastri L, Poorvardha. Varanasi: Choukhamba Prakashan; 2012: 531.
Liu W, Qiao W, Liu Z, Wang X, Jiang R, Li S, et al. Gaultheria: phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics. Molecules. 2013;30;18(10):12071-108.
Silva J, Abebe W, Sousa S, Duarte V, Machado M, Matos F. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of eucalyptus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;89(2-3):277-83.
Hernández-Ortega M, Ortiz-Moreno A, Hernández-Navarro M, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Dorantes-Alvarez L, Necoechea-Mondragón H. Antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory effects of carotenoids extracted from dried pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.). J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:524019.
Sá RDCDSE, Andrade LN, Sousa DPD. A Review on Anti-inflammatory activity of monoterpenes. Molecules. 2013;18(1):1227-54.
Silva-Filho SE, Silva-Comar FMDS, Wiirzler LAM, Pinho RJ, Grespan R, Bersani-Amado CA, et al. Effect of camphor on the behavior of leukocytes in vitro and in vivo in acute inflammatory response. Tropic J Pharmaceut Res. 2014;13(12):2031-7.
Hashempur MH, Homayouni K, Ashraf A, Salehi A, Taghizadeh M, Heydari M. Effect of Linum usitatissimum L. (linseed) oil on mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. DARU. 2014;22(1):43.
Chunekar KC. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu of Bhavamishra. Chaukhambha Publications; 2010: 809.
Flores MP, Castro A, Nascimento J. Topical analgesics. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2012;62(2):244-52.
Reddy V, Rao G, Lakshmi G. A review on anti-arthritic activity of some medicinal plants. J Glob Trend Pharmaceut Sci. 2014;5(4):2061-73.
Balakrishnan A. Therapeutic uses of peppermint-a review. J Pharmaceut Sci Res. 2015;7(7):474-6.
Nair B, Taylor-Gjevre R. A review of topical diclofenac use in musculoskeletal disease. Pharmaceuticals. 2010;3(6):1892-908.