Sleep disturbances in allergic rhinitis: disease and/or the drug?
Keywords:
Allergic rhinitis, Antihistamines, Sedation, SleepAbstract
Allergic rhinitis is a common chronic disease in adults as well as children. Allergic rhinitis has negative impact on sleep and quality of life of the patient. Antihistamines are widely used in the management of allergic rhinitis. First generation antihistamines cause sedation and drowsiness. Second generation antihistamines cause minimal or no sedation. There is difference in propensity to cause sedation amongst second generation antihistamines. As sleep is important for physical as well as mental health, present article reviews impact of allergic rhinitis and antihistamines on sleep.
References
Sur DK , Scandale S. Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(12):1440-1446.
Storms W. Allergic rhinitis induced nasal congestion: its impact on sleep quality. Primary Care Respiratory Journal. 2008;17(1):7-18.
Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 Update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA2LEN and AllerGen) Allergy 2008;63(Suppl. 86):8-160.
Juniper EF, Stahl E, Doty RL, Simons FE, Allen DB, Howarth PH. Clinical outcomes and adverse effect monitoring in allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115: S 390-413.
Mullol J, Maurer M, Bousquet J. Sleep and allergic rhinitis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2008;18(6):415-419.
Léger D, Annesi-Maesano I, Carat F, Rugina M, Chanal I, Pribil C et al. Allergic rhinitis and its consequences on quality of sleep: an unexplored area. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1744-8.
Church MK, Maurer M, Simons FER, Bindslev-Jensen C, van Cauwenberge P, Bousquet J, et al. Risk of first-generation H1-antihistamines: a GA2LEN position paper. Allergy 2010; DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02325.x.
Boyle J, Eriksson M, Stanley N, Fujita T, Kumagi Y. Allergy medication in Japanese volunteers: treatment effect of single doses on nocturnal sleep architecture and next day residual effects. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006 Jul; 22(7):1343-51.
Craig TJ, McCann JL, Gurevich F, Davies MJ. The correlation between allergic rhinitis and sleep disturbance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114: S139-45.
Walsh GM. The anti-inflammatory effects of the second-generation antihistamines. Dermatologic Therapy December 2000;13(4):349-360.
Zuberbier T, Asero R, Bindslev-Jensen C, Walter Canonica G, Church MC, Gimenez-Arnau AM, et al. EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guideline: management of urticaria. Allergy 2009;64:1427-1443.
Smith SM, Gums JG. Fexofenadine: Biochemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and its unique role in allergic disorders. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2009;5:813-22.
